08-Sep-2019
Pakistan’s Punjab Chief Minister Usman Buzdar stated that the Sikh community enjoyed complete freedom in Pakistan. CM Buzdar said that Sikh community, from around the world, was supporting the Pakistan’s stance on the core issue of Kashmir. He said, “The Sikh brethren have come very nearer to Pakistan and this has no resemblance in the past.”
05-Sep-2019
The day after Pakistan announced to levy USD 20 service fee for the pilgrims going to Kartarpur Sahib via under construction Kartarpur corridor, the US-based pro-Khalistani organization Sikh For Justice (SFJ) offered to reimburse the fee. Gurpatwant Singh Pannun who claims to be the legal advisor of SFJ informed “People of Punjab who will visit Kartarpur Sahib between November 1 and 30 will have to submit proof of their visit to SFJ and receive USD 20 service fee reimbursement via Western Union.”
02-Sep-2019
Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan announced that his government would issue multiple and on-arrival visas to Sikh pilgrims coming from India and abroad and provide them maximum possible facilities during their visit to the holy sites.
28-Aug-2019
Pakistan’s Religious Tourism and Heritage Committee (RTHC) decided that Pakistan will start a month-long visa process starting September 1 for the Sikh pilgrims from India and other countries who plans to attend the 550th birth anniversary of Baba Guru Nanak in November.
26-Aug-2019
According to sources, Pakistan is now trying to incite the Sikh community living in Pakistan and elsewhere against India. A Pakistan-based Sikh leader was heard claiming in a viral video on social media that they have got a mandate from Akal Takht, the highest Sikh temporal authority in India, to support Pakistan on the Kashmir issue. Though no such resolution has been passed by the Akal Takht, such provocative statements are being issued to radicalise, confuse and deviate the Sikh community.
26-Aug-2019
In another attempt to woo the Sikh community, Pakistan's Punjab Province chief minister Sardar Usman Buzdar has called an international congregation of Sikhs on August 31.This congregation is being linked to the 550th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev but the motive behind it is to perpetuate and launch an anti-India propaganda.Pakistan Government has also announced another Sikh congregation at Nankana Sahib but the dates are yet to be announced.
26-Aug-2019
The controversial statement given by the former Pakistan army chief General Aslam Baig that Pakistan will be using the Kartarpur corridor to send jihadis into India, has once again exposed Pakistan's nefarious designs. Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh had also expressed apprehension that Pakistan might misuse Kartarpur corridor for anti-India activities but has not opposed the idea of the corridor due to religious and political compulsions.
23-Aug-2019
Former Pakistan Army chief Gen Mirza Aslam Beg said that the country will use Kartarpur corridor for Khalistan terror."Pakistan army and the government should create trouble for India through Khalistan movement," Mirza Aslam said. He also said that “the terror 'jihad' was the ‘only way to teach India a lesson’…. The Indian army at LoC cannot stop the jihadis. "Mirza Aslam Beg has earlier also expressed that he wants a hybrid war against India.
21-Aug-2019
The Pakistan High Commission (PHC) said that over 500 Indian Sikh pilgrims entered Pakistan on August 21 after being granted visas by Islamabad to head for the historic Nankana Sahib Gurudwara in order to begin celebrations in advance for the 550th birth anniversary of the founder of Sikhism and first guru of the Sikhs Guru Nanak.
21-Aug-2019
Pakistan is sticking with its plan to open the first visa-free border crossing with India to facilitate Sikh pilgrims despite brewing tensions between the two neighbours over the longstanding Kashmir dispute.Pakistan’s Foreign Office Spokesperson Dr Mohammad Faisal said that Pakistan was committed to open the corridor in November on the 550th birth of Baba Guru Nanak. The Shrine is located only a few kilometres from the border. The proposed corridor will allow Sikhs to visit the Shrine without a visa.
20-Aug-2019
The Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (PSGPC) and Evacuee Trust Property Board (ETPB) reiterated that they will make all arrangements for the “sangat” (devotees) coming to Pakistan for 550th birth anniversary celebrations of Guru Nanak.
20-Aug-2019
An office-bearer of the ETPB, a statutory board that manages religious properties and shrines of Hindus and Sikhs who had migrated to India after Partition, said over phone that they will ensure the corridor, which is being constructed to give Indian devotees a visa-free access to Gurdwara Darbar Sahib in Kartarpur, the final resting place of Guru Nanak, is completed well before November 2019.
17-Aug-2019
According to media report, no work has been carried out in the Pakistan portion of Kartarpur Corridor for six consecutive days. This has triggered speculation about Islamabad’s intent regarding the completion of the project. It also has coincided with Pakistan’s downgrading of diplomatic ties with India. Sources stated that “Earlier we had assumed that due to Eid they didn’t carry out work on August 11 and 12. Then it was Pakistan’s Independence Day on August 14. But it’s surprising that no construction activity was visible on their side either on August 15 and 16.” Earlier on August 8, Pakistan had stated that ‘’Notwithstanding the latest developments, Pakistan’s Kartarpur initiative shall continue. Pakistan respects all religions and would continue the project”.
04-Aug-2019
After being removed from the PSGPC and ETPB, Pakistan’s pro-Khalistan leader Gopal Singh Chawla has now taken to social media to propagate misinformation campaign about Kashmir. In a two-minute video uploaded on social media, Chawla alleged “Kashmir tay jo zulm ho riha hai, usdi main apni tarfo te saari duniya day Khalisatania vallo muzammat karda han (I and the Khalisanis around the world condemn the atrocities committed in Kashmir).” Chawla circulated the video in the wake of New Delhi has called off Amarnath yatra and has issued advisory to tourists and pilgrims to leave the Kashmir valley. In his provocative video message, he also named former slain Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, stating that those who had committed atrocities had met their fate like her.
30-Jul-2019
Around 500 Indian Sikhs arrived in Pakistan to take part in celebrations in connection with the 550th birth anniversary of Sikh faith founder Guru Nanak Dev. According to sources, since the arrival of the Indian Sikhs was kept in a "low profile" neither the Evacuee Trust Property Board (ETPB), which looks after holy places of minorities in the country, nor the Pakistan Gurdwara Parbhandhak Committee (PSGPC) were taken on board by the Imran Khan Government regarding their arrival. The Pakistani media was also not invited to the venue to cover the arrival of the Sikh pilgrims from India. However, the Pakistan foreign office later in the day issued a statement confirming the arrival of 500 Indian Sikhs but did not tell whether they crossed over via under construction Kartarpur corridor or Wagah border.
19-Jul-2019
The Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (PSGPC) elected its new president Sardar Satwant Singh and secretary-general Sardar Ameer Singh, days after the Imran Khan Government dissolved the body following India's objection to the presence of Khalistani separatists as part of the Pakistani delegation discussing the Kartarpur Corridor.
12-Jul-2019
Ahead of the India-Pakistan talks over Kartarpur corridor, Pakistan removed the name of pro-Khalistan leader Gopal Singh Chawla from the committee. The development was confirmed through an official statement, which said, “The Federal Government (Federal Cabinet) has been pleased to re-constitute the Pakistan Sikh Gurudwara Parbandhak Committee (PSGPC).” Gopal Singh Chawla is a close associate of Mumbai attacks mastermind Hafiz Saeed and resides in Pakistan. He is also suspected of planning terrorist attacks in India. And even said to hold meetings with global terrorist Masood Azhar.
06-Jun-2019
Gopal Singh Chawla, the General Sectary of Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee (PSGPC) raised anti-India slogans and said that he will support groups like Babbar Khalsa, Commando Force, Sikh Youth Federation, Khalistan Force and added that they are on the same platform.
15-May-2019
A group of Sikh pilgrims visiting Nankana Sahib in Pakistan to celebrate Baisakhi festival demanded a separate homeland for them. ‘Khalistan Referendum 2020’ banners in this regard have been put on Gurudwara Janam Asthan also referred to as Gurudwara Nankana Sahib.
06-Dec-2018
Pro-Khalistan elements based in Pakistan stepped-up the agenda of “Referendum 2020” influencing Indian pilgrims visiting Sikh-religious sites such as Nankana Sahib, in Nankana Sahib District of Punjab in Pakistan. The Indian pilgrims who arrived on November 23 at Nankana Sahib had spotted the banners featured provocative slogans such as “Referendum 2020 will end India’s occupation of Punjab” and “Referendum 2020 is resistance against Indian occupation of Punjab”. Khalistan flags and life-size images of Sikh terrorist Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, who was killed during the 1984 Military operation in the Golden Temple in Amritsar [Punjab], were placed on several buildings. Pakistan’s Security establishment keeps very close tabs on pro-Khalistan groups and there is no way that one of such groups—Sikhs For Justice (SFJ) could have gone ahead with these pro-Khalistani activities without the support from Pakistan’s Intelligence agency—Inter-Services Intelligence [ISI], said an Indian official [identity undisclosed].
28-Nov-2018
The US based pro-Khalistan group—Sikh For Justice (SFJ) has appreciated the Kartarpur Corridor as a ‘bridge’ to the mission of Khalistan and has announced to host ‘Kartarpur Sahib Convention-2019’ in Pakistan, on November 28. SFJ runs a pro-Khalistan campaign with support from Pakistan’s ISI towards creation of a separate Sikh land from India
09-Nov-2018
Acting upon intelligence inputs, the BSF and Anti-Narcotics Cell recovered three packets of heroin weigh 4.30 kg worth INR 22 crore in the international market, from Border Outpost of Shameke of India-Pakistan Border in Ferozepur Sector of Ferozepur district in Punjab. The packets were kept inside the hollow space in a tree.
07-Jan-2018
The BSF had recovered 20 kilograms of heroin worth INR 100 crores along with the Adhain India-Pakistan border outpost in Gurdaspur District of Punjab.
20-Oct-2017
For the first time, Pakistan Sikh Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee (PSGPC) general secretary Gopal Singh Chawla publicly admitted to have been part of separatist 'Khalistan movement' and have also undergone training for the purpose. A video of Chawla has surfaced on social media on October 20 where he is seen as saying "I have been a part of Khalistan movement, I have also undergone training, I have been abusing India and its prime minister, if we want to get rid of India, we have to help this organization (MML- Milli Musli League)". Chalwa is seen addressing a gathering from the platform of MML, a political wing of the banned JuD, a front of anti India LeT. PSGPC general secretary Chawla in his speech addressed in Punjabi said that PSGPC receives minimum of five to seven thousand pilgrims every year from India. "We look into their eyes , out of those seven thousand pilgrims at least two thousand are RAW [Research and Analysis Wing] agents and we see a fear of Hafiz Saeed Sahib in their eyes". PSGPC's controversial general secretary also raised slogans in praise of Jarnail Singh Bhinderanwala and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed and said his organization (Punjabi Sikh Sangat) and supporters from UK and Canada would help MML. Calling terror mastermind as his 'Amir' (Ruler), Chalwa bestowed praise upon Hafiz Saeed saying that "Unha Indians dia nazra vich maray Aamir Hafiz Saeed Sab da khauf hunda hai" (There is fear of my Aamir Hafiz Saeed Sab in the eyes of those Indians)" he said.
04-Aug-2014
The investigations have revealed that activities of KZF, which is headed by Jammu’s Ranjit Singh Neeta, now based in Sialkot of Punjab province in Pakistan and KLF headed by Harminder Singh alias Mintu of Punjab, also in Pakistan, were being funded and coordinated by militant elements based in Spain and England.
06-Nov-2023
A British Sikh man, Jatinder Singh, who claimed he was barred from jury duty in Birmingham Crown Court due to carrying a kirpan, has been invited by authorities to discuss the matter in Birmingham, United Kingdom (UK). The incident sparked concern and led to an apology from the Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS). British Sikh MP Preet Kaur Gill expressed deep concern about the incident, highlighting the need for clearer communication of guidelines to prevent discrimination against individuals based on their religious practices in jury service.
05-Nov-2023
Akaal Clothing, a pro-Khalistani clothing line that previously launched a hoodie depicting the assassination of former Prime Minister (PM) Indira Gandhi, announced on November 5, in a post on Instagram, that they have cancelled all orders for the controversial item. The hoodie gained attention when Canadian pro-Khalistani singer Shubh held it during a concert in London, United Kingdom (UK), sparking backlash and criticism on social media. The clothing line cited 'unforeseen circumstances' and increased scrutiny as reasons for the cancellation, stating that they would issue full refunds.
03-Nov-2023
Birmingham Member of Parliament (MP) Preet Kaur Gill has written to the Justice Secretary, bringing attention to the case of Jatinder Singh, a Sikh who claimed he was barred from a court during jury service for wearing a kirpan, a religious article central to his faith. Singh was denied entry due to the size of his kirpan, despite it being within legal limits. MP Gill emphasized the importance of protecting and respecting Sikhs' rights and religious freedoms. She called for clear communication of guidelines regarding kirpans to ensure inclusivity and the ability to perform civic duties without compromising religious beliefs. The Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS) issued an apology to Mr. Singh following the incident.
11-Oct-2023
The Chief Coroner Judge Thomas Teague KC on October 11 declared that he ‘does not have the power’ to order an investigation into the death of Avtar Singh Khanda, a Khalistani terrorist who succumbed to leukaemia at Birmingham City Hospital on June 15. Earlier, Barrister Michael Polak, representing Khanda's mother, Charanjit Kaur, and his sister, Jaspreet Kaur, formally petitioned the chief coroner to launch an inquiry into Khanda's passing, citing section S3 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009.
07-Oct-2023
The Sikh restaurant owner in London, UK, Harman Singh Kapoor, whose cars were allegedly vandalized by Khalistani elements recently, on October 7 claimed that he has been receiving threats for the past nine months. Kapoor, who is currently in New Delhi, stated that the pro-Khalistan elements are defaming Sikhs, Hindus, and India. He further noted that the individuals who attempted to harm him were Sikhs. Kapoor asserted, "They are maligning Sikhs, Hindus, and India. I earnestly desire for this conflict to cease. Regrettably, no concrete action was taken by the authorities; they merely documented my complaint. The police have yet to apprehend the culprits, allowing the Khalistanis to remain at large. It appears that Khalistanis enjoy support within the police force and are considered political assets in that region. In the event of an assault on a fellow countryman, the accused ought to be apprehended. Unfortunately, in my case, these Khalistanis were not taken into custody by the police."
06-Oct-2023
British Prime Minister (PM) Rishi Sunak expressed his hope for a reduction in tensions within the India-Canada diplomatic dispute during a conversation with his Canadian counterpart, Justin Trudeau on October 6. The discussion primarily revolved around the ongoing standoff regarding the assassination of a Sikh separatist leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar in June. Sunak reiterated the UK's commitment to upholding the rule of law, particularly in light of Canada's accusations of Indian involvement in the assassination of a wanted pro-Khalistan terrorist.
05-Oct-2023
Satyam Surana, a student at the London School of Economics (LSE), in an interview, described his actions during a recent pro-Khalistan protest at the Indian embassy on October 2 in London, United Kingdom (UK), where Khalistani protestors desecrated the Indian tricolour. Surana explained how he felt compelled to rescue and fold the Tricolour with reverence after it was desecrated during the protest. Satyam shared that his actions were driven by a sense of duty as an Indian, despite the presence of hostile extremists at the scene. The flag is currently held by the police as evidence.
03-Oct-2023
Scotland Police on October 3 stated that no criminal activity was established during its investigation into the incident in which the Indian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (UK), Vikram Doraiswami, was denied entry and heckled at a gurdwara in Glasgow. Pro-Khalistan Sikh activists had denied him entry in response to the killing of Khalistani terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Canada. The Glasgow Gurdwara released a statement condemning the disruption and reaffirming its openness to people from all communities and backgrounds.
02-Oct-2023
Pro-Khalistan protesters gathered outside the High Commission of India, waving anti-India placards and chanting slogans, in London, United Kingdom (UK) on October 2. The protest aimed to draw attention to Canadian Prime Minister Justin (PM) Trudeau's allegations of Indian involvement in the killing of Khalistani terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar, which, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has strongly denied. The call for the protest stated that Sikhs intend to address domestic concerns, such as the questionable demise of Khalistani terrorist Avtar Singh Khanda.
02-Oct-2023
The Sikh Federation (UK) held a press conference in London on October 2, formally requesting the Chief Coroner for England and Wales to open an inquest into the death of Khalistani terrorist Avtar Singh Khanda. Khanda passed away in Birmingham in June 2023 while in London, United Kingdom (UK). The family's barrister, Michael Polak, highlighted suspicions surrounding Khanda's death, citing the timing and previous death threats with connections to Indian politics. West Midlands Police had initially stated that there were no suspicious circumstances, attributing the cause of death to acute leukemia or blood cancer in the post-mortem report.
02-Oct-2023
Khalistani terrorist Paramjeet Singh Pamma led anti-India chants outside the High Commission of India in London, United Kingdom (UK) on October 2. He was seen waving anti-India placards and chanting slogans. At the same venue, the Indian flag was defiled, and slogans against Indian Prime Ministers were raised. Pamma is wanted by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) for promoting secessionism and radicalizing Punjab's youth. He is associated with banned Khalistani terror groups like Babbar Khalsa International (BKI) and Khalistan Tiger Force (KTF).
02-Oct-2023
Scotland Yard on October 2 arrested a British Sikh man on suspicion of 'violent disorder' in connection with the March 2023 attack on the Indian High Commission in London, United Kingdom (UK).
02-Oct-2023
According to reports, Gurcharan Singh, a member of the pro-Khalistani group Dal Khalsa, was arrested on October 2 for committing a hate crime against Gujaratis in the United Kingdom (UK) back on March 22. However, he was subsequently released on a personal bond. Gurucharan Singh was detained by UK law enforcement outside the Indian High Commission in London on October 2, where he was participating in anti-India demonstrations alongside other pro-Khalistan activists. During these protests, Gurcharan Singh had poured cow urine on the Indian tricolour flag. Additionally, a video had previously circulated on social media showing Gurcharan Singh verbally abusing a Gujarati Hindu in London during a demonstration against the Government of India's actions related to Amritpal Singh on March 22.
01-Oct-2023
The Sikh Federation United Kingdom (SFUK) decided to formally request a coroner’s inquest on October 2 into the death of Khalistani terrorist Avtar Singh Khanda, which occurred in Birmingham, UK June 2023. They alleged that Khanda had received threats from individuals connected to the Indian state and suspected foul play in his death. Although it was recorded as acute myeloid leukaemia, they believe it could be related to radiation poisoning. Pro-Khalistani Sikhs also plan to protest outside the Indian High Commission in London, UK on October 2, accusing the Indian government of involvement in the death of Khalistani terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Surrey, Canada.
01-Oct-2023
Colin Bloom, a former adviser to the United Kingdom (UK) government and renowned author, recently expressed concerns about the rising Khalistan extremism in Western nations. He emphasized the need for collective action to address the aggressive behaviour among some members of the Sikh community, highlighting the failure of Western governments, including the UK, US, and Canada, to tackle this growing problem. He called for stronger efforts to protect Sikhs who distance themselves from extremism and pointed out the false appearance of legitimacy that some pro-Khalistan Sikh groups portray. This issue requires immediate attention to prevent further harm and division within multicultural societies.
30-Sep-2023
Two of the three individuals involved in the incident targeting Indian High Commissioner Vikram Doraiswami on September 29 in Glasgow, Scotland, have been identified as Shamsher Singh and Ranveer Singh, both based in London. Ranveer Singh was photographed at a shooting practice range with a rifle and wearing a T-shirt advocating for the release of Babbar Khalsa International (BKI) terrorist Jagtar Singh Hawara, who was involved in the assassination plot against Chief Minister (CM) Beant Singh in 1995, resulting in multiple casualties. The Scottish police are currently in the process of gathering statements from all parties involved, and they are prepared to take appropriate action against the extremists.
30-Sep-2023
A Sikh restaurant owner, identified as Harman Singh Kapoor had his car shot at and vandalized by unidentified Khalistani assailants in West London, United Kingdom (UK), on September 30. Kapoor had previously spoken out against Khalistani elements in the UK. Insightuk2, a British Hindu and Indian group, asserted that the Kapoor family had been facing continuous threats of violence and rape from suspected Khalistan sympathizers. This incident follows ongoing threats and attacks against his family after they posted a video criticizing the Khalistan movement on social media.
30-Sep-2023
Leaders from the United Kingdom (UK), including Anne-Marie Trevelyan and Colin Bloom, on September 30 expressed concern about an incident in which Khalistani extremists prevented Indian High Commissioner Vikram Doraiswami from entering a gurdwara in Scotland on September 29. They called for action against these Khalistani extremist elements.
30-Sep-2023
The Indian High Commission in the United Kingdom (UK) on September 30 issued a statement after Indian High Commissioner Vikram Doraiswami was prevented from entering a Gurdwara in Glasgow, Scotland, on September 29, terming it a "disgraceful incident" in London, UK. The Glasgow Gurdwara issued a statement strongly condemning the disruptive behaviour that disrupted the peaceful proceedings of the Sikh place of worship. The incident was also reported to the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office and the Metropolitan Police.
30-Sep-2023
The Glasgow Guru Granth Sahib Gurudwara in Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (UK), on September 30, apologized to Indian High Commissioner Vikram Doraiswami for the incident that occurred on September 29 when Khalistani extremists prevented him from entering the temple. The gurdwara committee assured Doraiswami that the individuals involved were not part of their regular congregation and invited him to visit again. Two of the extremists involved have been identified, including one with connections to the banned Khalistani terror outfit Babbar Khalsa International (BKI), which was involved in a past assassination plot.
29-Sep-2023
The United Kingdom (UK)-based Sikh Federation on September 29 urged Sikhs in the UK to contact their Members of Parliament (MPs) for clarification from Prime Minister Rishi Sunak and Suella Braverman regarding the measures that the police will implement to safeguard Sikh activists potentially at risk, following the killing of Khalistani terrorist Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Canada. According to reports, on October 2, Sikhs in the UK also intend to stage a demonstration outside the Indian High Commission in London, UK. There are approximately 500,000 Sikhs in the UK, and India has expressed concerns about anti-India activities related to the Khalistan movement in the UK.
29-Sep-2023
Radical British Sikh activists prevented Indian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (UK), Vikram Doraiswami, from entering a gurdwara in Scotland, UK, on September 29. Sikh Youth UK posted a video of the incident on Instagram, showing the activists disputing with the gurdwara committee and attempting to approach Doraiswami's car, which eventually left. The activists expressed their opposition to Indian officials visiting gurdwaras in the UK due to recent tensions related to issues such as the deaths of Khalistani terrorists Hardeep Singh Nijjar and Avtar Singh Khanda, for which they hold India responsible.
29-Sep-2023
Khalistani extremists prevented the Indian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom (UK), Vikram Doraiswami, from entering a gurdwara in Scotland, UK, on September 29. They demanded the release of Jagtar Singh Johal, claiming that his arrest by Indian authorities was illegal. Jagtar Singh Johal, a UK-based individual with connections to the banned terrorist organization Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF), is currently held in Delhi’s Tihar jail on terrorism charges.
27-Sep-2023
A sting operation conducted by Republic TV in London, United Kingdom (UK), revealed Pakistan's involvement in fomenting the Khalistan demand. In the video, Shamsher Singh, a founding member of the National Sikh Youth Federation (NSYF), openly acknowledged Pakistan's support for Khalistan and advocated armed struggle against India, while also claiming responsibility for the killings of police officers, politicians, and Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) members.
26-Sep-2023
A Sikh councillor from West Dunbartonshire in Scotland, United Kingdom (UK), Gurpreet Johal, expressed concern over the challenges faced by the Sikh community in the UK following the death of his friend, Khalistani terrorist and the chief of the banned terrorist outfit Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF), Avtar Singh Khanda, in Birmingham, UK. Gurpreet Johal, whose brother, Jagtar Singh Johal, is currently detained in India due to connections to KLF, called for the UK to stand by its citizens and criticized India's alleged targeting of Sikhs.